Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoestrogenism?

Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoestrogenism?

• A. Hot flashes
• B. Gynecomastia
• C. Hypermenorrhea
• D. Amenorrhea

Answer: (D)

Estrogen drives the growth and shedding of the endometrium. When estrogen levels are low, the endometrium doesn’t proliferate enough to produce a bleed, so menstrual periods stop. This absence of menses is amenorrhea, a direct sign of hypoestrogenism in the menstrual system. In adolescents, hypoestrogenism may reflect disorders that reduce estrogen production or action, such as ovarian insufficiency or hypothalamic-pituitary issues. Hot flashes can occur with low estrogen systemically, but the hallmark reproductive manifestation is lack of menses. Hypermenorrhea implies heavy bleeding, which goes against low estrogen, and gynecomastia relates more to an imbalance of estrogen effects in men rather than a direct result of hypoestrogenism in the menstrual cycle.

Estrogen drives the growth and shedding of the endometrium. When estrogen levels are low, the endometrium doesn’t proliferate enough to produce a bleed, so menstrual periods stop. This absence of menses is amenorrhea, a direct sign of hypoestrogenism in the menstrual system. In adolescents, hypoestrogenism may reflect disorders that reduce estrogen production or action, such as ovarian insufficiency or hypothalamic-pituitary issues.

Hot flashes can occur with low estrogen systemically, but the hallmark reproductive manifestation is lack of menses. Hypermenorrhea implies heavy bleeding, which goes against low estrogen, and gynecomastia relates more to an imbalance of estrogen effects in men rather than a direct result of hypoestrogenism in the menstrual cycle.