In Kohlberg's theory, which stage involves following rules to avoid punishment?

In Kohlberg's theory, which stage involves following rules to avoid punishment?

• A. Stage I
• B. Stage II
• C. Stage III
• D. Stage IV

Answer: (A)

In Kohlberg's theory, the earliest level of moral development centers on obeying rules to avoid punishment. This is the obedience and punishment orientation within the preconventional level. At this stage, what’s considered “right” is determined by whether an action leads to punishment or consequences from authority figures. People reason that rules are external and must be followed to stay out of trouble, not because they understand the rule’s purpose or its impact on others. So, the motivation is self-protection and compliance to avoid sanction, rather than internalizing the rule or considering fairness. As development continues, reasoning shifts toward seeking rewards, conformity for social approval, and eventually adherence for broader principles and the greater good.

In Kohlberg's theory, the earliest level of moral development centers on obeying rules to avoid punishment. This is the obedience and punishment orientation within the preconventional level. At this stage, what’s considered “right” is determined by whether an action leads to punishment or consequences from authority figures. People reason that rules are external and must be followed to stay out of trouble, not because they understand the rule’s purpose or its impact on others. So, the motivation is self-protection and compliance to avoid sanction, rather than internalizing the rule or considering fairness. As development continues, reasoning shifts toward seeking rewards, conformity for social approval, and eventually adherence for broader principles and the greater good.